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Electrolytes & Minerals

Chloride (Cl⁻)

Normal range 98–106 mEq/L (98–106 mmol/L SI). Specimen: Serum or plasma.

Also known as: serum chloride.

98–106 mEq/LCritical: read below

Reference range

ConventionalmEq/L
98106
SImmol/L
98106
SpecimenSerum or plasma
Conventional range98–106 mEq/L
SI range98–106 mmol/L
Conversion factor×1 (conventional → SI)
Critical value< 80 or > 115 mmol/L
PanelElectrolytes & Minerals

Convert any Chloride (Cl⁻) result between units on the unit converter.

What is the normal range for Chloride (Cl⁻)?

The standard teaching reference range for Chloride (Cl⁻) is 98–106 mEq/L in conventional units, or 98–106 mmol/L in SI units. This value is measured in serum or plasma.

A commonly taught critical (panic) value is < 80 or > 115 mmol/L. Critical results are reported to the provider immediately under your facility's policy.

Source: Adult reference values compiled from Pagana & Pagana, Mosby's Diagnostic and Laboratory Test Reference, and Fischbach & Dunning, A Manual of Laboratory and Diagnostic Tests. Reference ranges vary by laboratory, method, age, sex, and population — always use the range printed on the actual result.

Above the range

Common causes of a high Chloride (Cl⁻)

  • Dehydration
  • Metabolic acidosis (non-gap)
  • Excess normal saline
  • Renal tubular acidosis

Below the range

Common causes of a low Chloride (Cl⁻)

  • Vomiting or gastric suction
  • Metabolic alkalosis
  • Heart failure (dilutional)
  • Diuretics

At the bedside

Nursing considerations

  • Chloride generally shifts with sodium; interpret with the acid–base picture.

Study aid

Your notes on Chloride (Cl⁻)

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