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Inflammatory & Other Chemistry

Lactate (Lactic Acid)

Normal range 0.5–2.2 mmol/L. Specimen: Plasma or whole blood (on ice).

Also known as: serum lactate, lactic acid.

0.5–2.2 mmol/LCritical: read below

Reference range

Conventionalmmol/L
0.52.2
SpecimenPlasma or whole blood (on ice)
Conventional range0.5–2.2 mmol/L
SI range0.5–2.2 mmol/L
Conversion factor×1 (conventional → SI)
Critical value> 4 mmol/L signals significant hypoperfusion / sepsis
PanelInflammatory & Other Chemistry

Convert any Lactate (Lactic Acid) result between units on the unit converter.

What is the normal range for Lactate (Lactic Acid)?

The standard teaching reference range for Lactate (Lactic Acid) is 0.5–2.2 mmol/L. This value is measured in plasma or whole blood (on ice).

A commonly taught critical (panic) value is > 4 mmol/L signals significant hypoperfusion / sepsis. Critical results are reported to the provider immediately under your facility's policy.

Source: Adult reference values compiled from Pagana & Pagana, Mosby's Diagnostic and Laboratory Test Reference, and Fischbach & Dunning, A Manual of Laboratory and Diagnostic Tests. Reference ranges vary by laboratory, method, age, sex, and population — always use the range printed on the actual result.

Above the range

Common causes of a high Lactate (Lactic Acid)

  • Sepsis and shock
  • Tissue hypoxia
  • Seizures or intense exercise
  • Metformin toxicity, liver failure

At the bedside

Nursing considerations

  • A key marker of tissue perfusion in sepsis; trend clearance during resuscitation.
  • Use a tourniquet-free draw and transport on ice to avoid a false elevation.

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