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What is the normal range for Osmolality, Serum?
The standard teaching reference range for Osmolality, Serum is 275–295 mOsm/kg in conventional units, or 275–295 mmol/kg in SI units. This value is measured in serum.
A commonly taught critical (panic) value is < 265 or > 320 mOsm/kg. Critical results are reported to the provider immediately under your facility's policy.
Source: Adult reference values compiled from Pagana & Pagana, Mosby's Diagnostic and Laboratory Test Reference, and Fischbach & Dunning, A Manual of Laboratory and Diagnostic Tests. Reference ranges vary by laboratory, method, age, sex, and population — always use the range printed on the actual result.
Above the range
Common causes of a high Osmolality, Serum
Dehydration
Hypernatremia
Hyperglycemia
Toxic alcohol ingestion (osmolar gap)
Below the range
Common causes of a low Osmolality, Serum
SIADH
Overhydration
Hyponatremia
At the bedside
Nursing considerations
Estimated as 2×Na + glucose/18 + BUN/2.8; a large measured-calculated gap suggests a toxic ingestion.