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Complete Blood Count (CBC)

White Blood Cell Count (WBC)

Normal range 4.5–11 10³/µL (4.5–11 10⁹/L SI). Specimen: Whole blood (EDTA).

Also known as: leukocyte count, total leukocytes.

4.5–11 10³/µLCritical: read below

Reference range

Conventional10³/µL
4.511
SI10⁹/L
4.511
SpecimenWhole blood (EDTA)
Conventional range4.5–11 10³/µL
SI range4.5–11 10⁹/L
Conversion factor×1 (conventional → SI)
Critical value< 2.0 or > 30.0 × 10⁹/L (severe neutropenia or marked leukocytosis)
PanelComplete Blood Count (CBC)

Convert any White Blood Cell Count (WBC) result between units on the unit converter.

What is the normal range for White Blood Cell Count (WBC)?

The standard teaching reference range for White Blood Cell Count (WBC) is 4.5–11 10³/µL in conventional units, or 4.5–11 10⁹/L in SI units. This value is measured in whole blood (edta).

A commonly taught critical (panic) value is < 2.0 or > 30.0 × 10⁹/L (severe neutropenia or marked leukocytosis). Critical results are reported to the provider immediately under your facility's policy.

Source: Adult reference values compiled from Pagana & Pagana, Mosby's Diagnostic and Laboratory Test Reference, and Fischbach & Dunning, A Manual of Laboratory and Diagnostic Tests. Reference ranges vary by laboratory, method, age, sex, and population — always use the range printed on the actual result.

Above the range

Common causes of a high White Blood Cell Count (WBC)

  • Bacterial infection and inflammation
  • Tissue necrosis or trauma
  • Leukemia
  • Corticosteroid therapy and physiologic stress

Below the range

Common causes of a low White Blood Cell Count (WBC)

  • Bone marrow suppression or chemotherapy
  • Overwhelming sepsis
  • Aplastic anemia
  • Autoimmune destruction

At the bedside

Nursing considerations

  • A left shift (more immature bands) suggests acute infection even when the total is near normal.
  • Neutropenic patients need protective precautions; report new fever promptly.
  • Correlate with the differential rather than reading the total in isolation.

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